XTABLES-NFT(8) System Manager's Manual XTABLES-NFT(8)
NAME
xtables-nft — iptables using nftables kernel api
DESCRIPTION
xtables-nft are versions of iptables that use the nftables API. This
is a set of tools to help the system administrator migrate the ruleset
from iptables(8), ip6tables(8), arptables(8), and ebtables(8) to nfta-
bles(8).
The xtables-nft set is composed of several commands:
• iptables-nft
• iptables-nft-save
• iptables-nft-restore
• ip6tables-nft
• ip6tables-nft-save
• ip6tables-nft-restore
• arptables-nft
• ebtables-nft
These tools use the libxtables framework extensions and hook to the
nf_tables kernel subsystem using the nft_compat module.
USAGE
The xtables-nft tools allow you to manage the nf_tables backend using
the native syntax of iptables(8), ip6tables(8), arptables(8), and ebta-
bles(8).
You should use the xtables-nft tools exactly the same way as you would
use the corresponding original tools.
Adding a rule will result in that rule being added to the nf_tables
kernel subsystem instead. Listing the ruleset will use the nf_tables
backend as well.
When these tools were designed, the main idea was to replace each
legacy binary with a symlink to the xtables-nft program, for example:
/sbin/iptables -> /usr/sbin/iptables-nft-multi
/sbin/ip6tables -> /usr/sbin/ip6tables-nft-multi
/sbin/arptables -> /usr/sbin/arptables-nft-multi
/sbin/ebtables -> /usr/sbin/ebtables-nft-multi
The iptables version string will indicate whether the legacy API
(get/setsockopt) or the new nf_tables api is used:
iptables -V
iptables v1.7 (nf_tables)
DIFFERENCES TO LEGACY IPTABLES
Because the xtables-nft tools use the nf_tables kernel API, rule addi-
tions and deletions are always atomic. Unlike iptables-legacy, ipta-
bles-nft -A .. will NOT need to retrieve the current ruleset from the
kernel, change it, and re-load the altered ruleset. Instead, iptables-
nft will tell the kernel to add one rule. For this reason, the ipta-
bles-legacy --wait option is a no-op in iptables-nft.
Use of the xtables-nft tools allow monitoring ruleset changes using the
xtables-monitor(8) command.
When using -j TRACE to debug packet traversal to the ruleset, note that
you will need to use xtables-monitor(8) in --trace mode to obtain moni-
toring trace events.
EXAMPLES
One basic example is creating the skeleton ruleset in nf_tables from
the xtables-nft tools, in a fresh machine:
root@machine:~# iptables-nft -L
[...]
root@machine:~# ip6tables-nft -L
[...]
root@machine:~# arptables-nft -L
[...]
root@machine:~# ebtables-nft -L
[...]
root@machine:~# nft list ruleset
table ip filter {
chain INPUT {
type filter hook input priority 0; policy accept;
}
chain FORWARD {
type filter hook forward priority 0; policy accept;
}
chain OUTPUT {
type filter hook output priority 0; policy accept;
}
}
table ip6 filter {
chain INPUT {
type filter hook input priority 0; policy accept;
}
chain FORWARD {
type filter hook forward priority 0; policy accept;
}
chain OUTPUT {
type filter hook output priority 0; policy accept;
}
}
table bridge filter {
chain INPUT {
type filter hook input priority -200; policy accept;
}
chain FORWARD {
type filter hook forward priority -200; policy accept;
}
chain OUTPUT {
type filter hook output priority -200; policy accept;
}
}
table arp filter {
chain INPUT {
type filter hook input priority 0; policy accept;
}
chain FORWARD {
type filter hook forward priority 0; policy accept;
}
chain OUTPUT {
type filter hook output priority 0; policy accept;
}
}
(please note that in fresh machines, listing the ruleset for the first
time results in all tables an chain being created).
To migrate your complete filter ruleset, in the case of iptables(8),
you would use:
root@machine:~# iptables-legacy-save > myruleset # reads from x_tables
root@machine:~# iptables-nft-restore myruleset # writes to nf_tables
or
root@machine:~# iptables-legacy-save | iptables-translate-restore | less
to see how rules would look like in the nft nft(8) syntax.
LIMITATIONS
You should use Linux kernel >= 4.17.
The CLUSTERIP target is not supported.
To get up-to-date information about this, please head to
http://wiki.nftables.org/.
SEE ALSO
nft(8), xtables-translate(8), xtables-monitor(8)
AUTHORS
The nftables framework is written by the Netfilter project
(https://www.netfilter.org).
This manual page was written by Arturo Borrero Gonzalez <arturo@de-
bian.org> for the Debian project, but may be used by others.
This documentation is free/libre under the terms of the GPLv2+.
June 2018 XTABLES-NFT(8)
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