rcmd(3) Library Functions Manual rcmd(3)
NAME
rcmd, rresvport, iruserok, ruserok, rcmd_af, rresvport_af, iruserok_af,
ruserok_af - routines for returning a stream to a remote command
LIBRARY
Standard C library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <netdb.h> /* Or <unistd.h> on some systems */
int rcmd(char **restrict ahost, unsigned short inport,
const char *restrict locuser,
const char *restrict remuser,
const char *restrict cmd, int *restrict fd2p);
int rresvport(int *port);
int iruserok(uint32_t raddr, int superuser,
const char *ruser, const char *luser);
int ruserok(const char *rhost, int superuser,
const char *ruser, const char *luser);
int rcmd_af(char **restrict ahost, unsigned short inport,
const char *restrict locuser,
const char *restrict remuser,
const char *restrict cmd, int *restrict fd2p,
sa_family_t af);
int rresvport_af(int *port, sa_family_t af);
int iruserok_af(const void *restrict raddr, int superuser,
const char *restrict ruser, const char *restrict luser,
sa_family_t af);
int ruserok_af(const char *rhost, int superuser,
const char *ruser, const char *luser,
sa_family_t af);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
rcmd(), rcmd_af(), rresvport(), rresvport_af(), iruserok(),
iruserok_af(), ruserok(), ruserok_af():
Since glibc 2.19:
_DEFAULT_SOURCE
glibc 2.19 and earlier:
_BSD_SOURCE
DESCRIPTION
The rcmd() function is used by the superuser to execute a command on a
remote machine using an authentication scheme based on privileged port
numbers. The rresvport() function returns a file descriptor to a
socket with an address in the privileged port space. The iruserok()
and ruserok() functions are used by servers to authenticate clients re-
questing service with rcmd(). All four functions are used by the
rshd(8) server (among others).
rcmd()
The rcmd() function looks up the host *ahost using gethostbyname(3),
returning -1 if the host does not exist. Otherwise, *ahost is set to
the standard name of the host and a connection is established to a
server residing at the well-known Internet port inport.
If the connection succeeds, a socket in the Internet domain of type
SOCK_STREAM is returned to the caller, and given to the remote command
as stdin and stdout. If fd2p is nonzero, then an auxiliary channel to
a control process will be set up, and a file descriptor for it will be
placed in *fd2p. The control process will return diagnostic output
from the command (unit 2) on this channel, and will also accept bytes
on this channel as being UNIX signal numbers, to be forwarded to the
process group of the command. If fd2p is 0, then the stderr (unit 2 of
the remote command) will be made the same as the stdout and no provi-
sion is made for sending arbitrary signals to the remote process, al-
though you may be able to get its attention by using out-of-band data.
The protocol is described in detail in rshd(8).
rresvport()
The rresvport() function is used to obtain a socket with a privileged
port bound to it. This socket is suitable for use by rcmd() and sev-
eral other functions. Privileged ports are those in the range 0 to
1023. Only a privileged process (on Linux, a process that has the
CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE capability in the user namespace governing its
network namespace) is allowed to bind to a privileged port. In the
glibc implementation, this function restricts its search to the ports
from 512 to 1023. The port argument is value-result: the value it sup-
plies to the call is used as the starting point for a circular search
of the port range; on (successful) return, it contains the port number
that was bound to.
iruserok() and ruserok()
The iruserok() and ruserok() functions take a remote host's IP address
or name, respectively, two usernames and a flag indicating whether the
local user's name is that of the superuser. Then, if the user is not
the superuser, it checks the /etc/hosts.equiv file. If that lookup is
not done, or is unsuccessful, the .rhosts in the local user's home di-
rectory is checked to see if the request for service is allowed.
If this file does not exist, is not a regular file, is owned by anyone
other than the user or the superuser, is writable by anyone other than
the owner, or is hardlinked anywhere, the check automatically fails.
Zero is returned if the machine name is listed in the hosts.equiv file,
or the host and remote username are found in the .rhosts file; other-
wise iruserok() and ruserok() return -1. If the local domain (as ob-
tained from gethostname(2)) is the same as the remote domain, only the
machine name need be specified.
If the IP address of the remote host is known, iruserok() should be
used in preference to ruserok(), as it does not require trusting the
DNS server for the remote host's domain.
*_af() variants
All of the functions described above work with IPv4 (AF_INET) sockets.
The "_af" variants take an extra argument that allows the socket ad-
dress family to be specified. For these functions, the af argument can
be specified as AF_INET or AF_INET6. In addition, rcmd_af() supports
the use of AF_UNSPEC.
RETURN VALUE
The rcmd() function returns a valid socket descriptor on success. It
returns -1 on error and prints a diagnostic message on the standard er-
ror.
The rresvport() function returns a valid, bound socket descriptor on
success. On failure, it returns -1 and sets errno to indicate the er-
ror. The error code EAGAIN is overloaded to mean: "All network ports
in use".
For information on the return from ruserok() and iruserok(), see above.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attrib-
utes(7).
┌────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬────────────────┐
│ Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────┤
│ rcmd(), rcmd_af() │ Thread safety │ MT-Unsafe │
├────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────┤
│ rresvport(), rresvport_af() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
├────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────┤
│ iruserok(), ruserok(), │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe locale │
│ iruserok_af(), ruserok_af() │ │ │
└────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴────────────────┘
STANDARDS
BSD.
HISTORY
iruserok_af()
rcmd_af()
rresvport_af()
ruserok_af()
glibc 2.2.
Solaris, 4.2BSD. The "_af" variants are more recent additions, and are
not present on as wide a range of systems.
BUGS
iruserok() and iruserok_af() are declared in glibc headers only since
glibc 2.12.
SEE ALSO
rlogin(1), rsh(1), rexec(3), rexecd(8), rlogind(8), rshd(8)
Linux man-pages 6.7 2023-10-31 rcmd(3)
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