getenv(3) Library Functions Manual getenv(3)
NAME
getenv, secure_getenv - get an environment variable
LIBRARY
Standard C library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
char *getenv(const char *name);
char *secure_getenv(const char *name);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
secure_getenv():
_GNU_SOURCE
DESCRIPTION
The getenv() function searches the environment list to find the envi-
ronment variable name, and returns a pointer to the corresponding value
string.
The GNU-specific secure_getenv() function is just like getenv() except
that it returns NULL in cases where "secure execution" is required.
Secure execution is required if one of the following conditions was
true when the program run by the calling process was loaded:
• the process's effective user ID did not match its real user ID or
the process's effective group ID did not match its real group ID
(typically this is the result of executing a set-user-ID or set-
group-ID program);
• the effective capability bit was set on the executable file; or
• the process has a nonempty permitted capability set.
Secure execution may also be required if triggered by some Linux secu-
rity modules.
The secure_getenv() function is intended for use in general-purpose li-
braries to avoid vulnerabilities that could occur if set-user-ID or
set-group-ID programs accidentally trusted the environment.
RETURN VALUE
The getenv() function returns a pointer to the value in the environ-
ment, or NULL if there is no match.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attrib-
utes(7).
┌───────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────────┐
│ Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├───────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────────┤
│ getenv(), secure_getenv() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe env │
└───────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────────┘
STANDARDS
getenv()
C11, POSIX.1-2008.
secure_getenv()
GNU.
HISTORY
getenv()
POSIX.1-2001, C89, C99, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
secure_getenv()
glibc 2.17.
NOTES
The strings in the environment list are of the form name=value.
As typically implemented, getenv() returns a pointer to a string within
the environment list. The caller must take care not to modify this
string, since that would change the environment of the process.
The implementation of getenv() is not required to be reentrant. The
string pointed to by the return value of getenv() may be statically al-
located, and can be modified by a subsequent call to getenv(),
putenv(3), setenv(3), or unsetenv(3).
The "secure execution" mode of secure_getenv() is controlled by the
AT_SECURE flag contained in the auxiliary vector passed from the kernel
to user space.
SEE ALSO
clearenv(3), getauxval(3), putenv(3), setenv(3), unsetenv(3), capabili-
ties(7), environ(7)
Linux man-pages 6.7 2023-10-31 getenv(3)
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