FREE(1) User Commands FREE(1)
NAME
free - Display amount of free and used memory in the system
SYNOPSIS
free [options]
DESCRIPTION
free displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap mem-
ory in the system, as well as the buffers and caches used by the ker-
nel. The information is gathered by parsing /proc/meminfo. The dis-
played columns are:
total Total usable memory (MemTotal and SwapTotal in /proc/meminfo).
This includes the physical and swap memory minus a few reserved
bits and kernel binary code.
used Used or unavailable memory (calculated as total - available)
free Unused memory (MemFree and SwapFree in /proc/meminfo)
shared Memory used (mostly) by tmpfs (Shmem in /proc/meminfo)
buffers
Memory used by kernel buffers (Buffers in /proc/meminfo)
cache Memory used by the page cache and slabs (Cached and SReclaimable
in /proc/meminfo)
buff/cache
Sum of buffers and cache
available
Estimation of how much memory is available for starting new ap-
plications, without swapping. Unlike the data provided by the
cache or free fields, this field takes into account page cache
and also that not all reclaimable memory slabs will be reclaimed
due to items being in use (MemAvailable in /proc/meminfo, avail-
able on kernels 3.14, emulated on kernels 2.6.27+, otherwise the
same as free)
OPTIONS
-b, --bytes
Display the amount of memory in bytes.
-k, --kibi
Display the amount of memory in kibibytes. This is the default.
-m, --mebi
Display the amount of memory in mebibytes.
-g, --gibi
Display the amount of memory in gibibytes.
--tebi Display the amount of memory in tebibytes.
--pebi Display the amount of memory in pebibytes.
--kilo Display the amount of memory in kilobytes. Implies --si.
--mega Display the amount of memory in megabytes. Implies --si.
--giga Display the amount of memory in gigabytes. Implies --si.
--tera Display the amount of memory in terabytes. Implies --si.
--peta Display the amount of memory in petabytes. Implies --si.
-h, --human
Show all output fields automatically scaled to shortest three
digit unit and display the units of print out. Following units
are used.
B = bytes
Ki = kibibyte
Mi = mebibyte
Gi = gibibyte
Ti = tebibyte
Pi = pebibyte
If unit is missing, and you have exbibyte of RAM or swap, the
number is in tebibytes and columns might not be aligned with
header.
-w, --wide
Switch to the wide mode. The wide mode produces lines longer
than 80 characters. In this mode buffers and cache are reported
in two separate columns.
-c, --count count
Display the result count times. Requires the -s option.
-l, --lohi
Show detailed low and high memory statistics.
-L, --line
Show output on a single line, often used with the -s option to
show memory statistics repeatedly.
-s, --seconds delay
Continuously display the result delay seconds apart. You may
actually specify any floating point number for delay using ei-
ther . or , for decimal point. usleep(3) is used for microsec-
ond resolution delay times.
--si Use kilo, mega, giga etc (power of 1000) instead of kibi, mebi,
gibi (power of 1024).
-t, --total
Display a line showing the column totals.
-v, --committed
Display a line showing the memory commit limit and amount of
committed/uncommitted memory. The total column on this line will
display the memory commit limit. This line is relevant if mem-
ory overcommit is disabled.
--help Print help.
-V, --version
Display version information.
FILES
/proc/meminfo
memory information
BUGS
The value for the shared column is not available from kernels before
2.6.32 and is displayed as zero.
Please send bug reports to
]8;;procps@freelists.org\procps@freelists.org]8;;\
SEE ALSO
ps(1), slabtop(1), top(1), vmstat(8).
procps-ng 2023-05-02 FREE(1)
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